Background and Aims
Methods
Results
Conclusions
Graphical abstract

Abbreviations:
ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists), ASD (absolute standardized difference), AUC (area under the curve), CI (confidence interval), GA (general anesthesia), IPTW (inverse probability of treatment weighting), IQR (interquartile range), LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator), MAP (mean arterial pressure), MPOG (Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group), SpO2 (oxygen saturation), SRAE (sedation-related adverse event), SWPI (sedation without planned intubation)Purchase one-time access:
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Footnotes
DISCLOSURE: The following author disclosed financial relationships: J. J. Vargo: Consultant for Olympus America and Aspero Medical; advisory board for Docbot. All other authors disclosed no financial relationships. Funding was provided by departmental and institutional resources at each contributing site. In addition, partial funding to support underlying electronic health record data collection into the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group registry was provided by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan/Blue Care Network as part of the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan/Blue Care Network Value Partnerships program. Although Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan/Blue Care Network and Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group work collaboratively, the opinions, beliefs, and viewpoints expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect the opinions, beliefs, and viewpoints of Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan/Blue Care Network or any of its employees. Funding for statistical support for this analysis was provided by the Anesthesiology Institute at Cleveland Clinic.
DIVERSITY, EQUITY, AND INCLUSION: One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as an under-represented gender minority in science.
If you would like to chat with an author of this article, you may contact Dr Cummings at [email protected]